Because, then, the contributions of Athens to our own
life are so important, because they touch (as a Greek would say) upon almost
every side of "the true, the beautiful, and the good," it is obvious that
the outward conditions under which this Athenian genius developed deserve
our respectful attention. For assuredly such personages as
Sophocles,
Plato,
and Phidias were not isolated creatures, who developed their genius apart
from, or in spite of, the life about them, but rather were the ripe products
of a society, which in its excellences and weaknesses presents some of the
most interesting pictures and examples in the world. To understand the
Athenian civilization and genius it is not enough to know the outward
history of the times, the wars, the laws, and the lawmakers. We must see
Athens as the average man saw it and lived in it from day to day, and
then perhaps we can partially understand how it was that during the
brief but wonderful era of Athenian freedom and prosperity,[1]
Athens was able to produce so many men of commanding genius as to win for
her a place in the history of civilization which she can never lose.