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Plato Bilingual Anthology : DISEASE AND DEFORMITY OF THE SOUL

from Sophist, * 227d-228e, 230d, translated by B. Jowett

Greek Fonts / Plato Complete works / Plato Concept

STRANGER. Do we admit that virtue is distinct from vice in the soul? THEAETETUS. Certainly. STR. And purification was to leave the good and to cast out whatever is bad? THEAET. True. STR. Then any taking away of evil from the soul may be properly called purification? THEAET. Yes. STR. And in the soul there are two kinds of evil. THEAET. What are they? STR. The one may be compared to disease in the body, the other to deformity. THEAET. I do not understand. STR. Perhaps you have never reflected that disease and discord are the same. THEAET. To this, again, I know not what I should reply. STR. Do you not conceive discord to be a dissolution of kindred elements, originating in some disagreement? THEAET. Just that. STR. And is deformity anything but the want of measure, which is always unsightly? THEAET. Exactly.

Ψυχῆς νόσος καὶ αἶσχος

ΞΕ. Πονηρίαν ἕτερον ἀρετῆς ἐν ψυχῇ λέγομέν τι; ΘΕΑΙ. Πῶς γὰρ οὔ; ΞΕ. Καὶ μὴν καθαρμός γ΄ ἦν τὸ λείπειν μὲν θάτερον͵ ἐκβάλλειν δὲ ὅσον ἂν ᾖ πού τι φλαῦρον. ΘΕΑΙ. ῏Ην γὰρ οὖν. ΞΕ. Καὶ ψυχῆς ἄρα͵ καθ΄ ὅσον ἂν εὑρίσκωμεν κακίας ἀφαίρεσίν τινα͵ καθαρμὸν αὐτὸν λέγοντες ἐν μέλει φθεγξόμεθα. ΘΕΑΙ. Καὶ μάλα γε. ΞΕ. Δύο μὲν εἴδη κακίας περὶ ψυχὴν ῥητέον. ΘΕΑΙ. Ποῖα; ΞΕ. Τὸ μὲν οἷον νόσον ἐν σώματι͵ τὸ δ΄ οἷον αἶσχος ἐγγιγνόμενον. ΘΕΑΙ. Οὐκ ἔμαθον. ΞΕ. Νόσον ἴσως καὶ στάσιν οὐ ταὐτὸν νενόμικας; ΘΕΑΙ. Οὐδ΄ αὖ πρὸς τοῦτο ἔχω τί χρή με ἀποκρίνασθαι. ΞΕ. Πότερον ἄλλο τι στάσιν ἡγούμενος ἢ τὴν τοῦ φύσει συγγενοῦς ἔκ τινος διαφθορᾶς διαφοράν; ΘΕΑΙ. Οὐδέν. ΞΕ. Ἀλλ΄ αἶσχος ἄλλο τι πλὴν τὸ τῆς ἀμετρίας πανταχοῦ δυσειδὲς ἐνὸν γένος; ΘΕΑΙ. Οὐδαμῶς ἄλλο.

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