The Athenian loved sunshine, and Helios the Sun God was
gracious to his prayers. In
the Athens of to-day it is reckoned that the
year averages 179 days in which the sun is not concealed by clouds one
instant; and 157 days more when the sun is not hidden more than half an
hour.[4]Ancient Athens was surely not
more cloudy. Nevertheless, despite this constant sunshine and a southern
latitude, Athens was stricken relatively seldom with semitropical heat. The
sea was a good friend, bringing tempering breezes. In the short winter there
might be a little frost, a little snow, and a fair supply of rain. For the
rest of the year, one golden day was wont to succeed another, with the sun
and the sea breeze in ever friendly rivalry.
The climate saved the Athenians from being obliged to
wage a stern warfare with nature as did the northern peoples. Their life and
civilization could be one developed essentially "in the open air"; while, on
the other hand, the bracing sea breeze saved them from that enervating
lethargy which has ruined so many southern folk. The scanty soil forced them
to struggle hard to win a living; unless they yielded to the constant
beckoning of the ocean, and sought food, adventure, wealth, and a great
empire across the seas.